Betty Grable: The Queen of the Movie Musical

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I've always had a soft spot for Betty Grable. I'm not precisely sure how she first came to my attention, but I'd be willing to bet it came from my Marilyn Monroe infatuation, and the fact the two ladies co-starred in HOW TO MARRY A MILLIONAIRE together in 1953.

Betty Grable started her movie career in 1929, at the very end of the silent era. She worked in a variety of B-movies throughout the 1930s, holding contracts with various different producers and studios. She was always singled out for her curvaceous body and girl-next-door cuteness, and she derived one of her first public nicknames from the film MILLION DOLLAR LEGS (1939), a low-budget comedy that publicized her soon-to-be famous legs. It was producer Buddy DeSylva that decided to champion her and bring her over to Broadway to star in DUBARRY WAS A LADY that same year. Her success in that show brought her to the attention of 20th Century-Fox studio chief Darryl F. Zanuck. At the time, Zanuck was looking for a capable musical actress to replace the suddenly ill Alice Faye, Fox's big musical star, in the film DOWN ARGENTINE WAY. Grable impressed Zanuck enough, and the rest, as they say, is film history.

Grable became the biggest moneymaker for Fox throughout the 1940s. She became their foremost musical star, starring in a succession of musical comedies, such as MOON OVER MIAMI (1941) and CONEY ISLAND (1943). Grable was the number one box office draw in America in 1943, and she was proclaimed the "Queen of the Movie Musical" by the press. Her "it girl" status was solidified when she posed for a pin-up picture shot by photographer Frank Powolny. It quickly became the best-selling pin-up picture of WWII, fueling Grable's popularity with war-weary soldiers and the general American public. Her status as a pin-up queen was used to its greatest advantage in the movie PIN UP GIRL, which was a big hit for Fox in 1944. Generally speaking, Grable's films were typically light on plot and drama, but high in energy in their musical numbers. Zanuck took the profits he got from Grable's musicals and pushed that money towards more prestigious projects. Grable's popularity urged Fox to promote actress June Haver in a similar manner, featuring her in several modestly-budgeted war-time musicals.

Her career was still going strong into the late 1940s with such successes as MOTHER WORE TIGHTS (1947) and WHEN MY BABY SMILES AT ME (1948), both co-starring Dan Dailey. Not even a dud such as THE BEAUTIFUL BLONDE FROM BASHFUL BEND (1949) could reverse her fortunes. She retained her status as the most successful actress in movie musicals. As Marilyn Monroe grew in popularity in the early 1950s, Fox slowly lost interest in Grable, and the film HOW TO MARRY A MILLIONAIRE is generally regarded as the moment where Grable "passed the baton" to Monroe as the biggest star for Fox in the 1950s. Grable's final movie, HOW TO BE VERY, VERY POPULAR (1955), suffered rewrites and cast changes, and was a flop at the box office. She effectively edged herself away from the silver screen thereafter, although she kept herself busy in nightclubs and the theater.

Any fans of this charming individual?
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This is a sweet, cozy little song about one's admiration of Betty Grable. It wasn't until just a few years ago that I even knew that this song existed. When I see her pictures, I hear tidbits of this song in my head now.​

 

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Betty Grable was the biggest box office star for 20th Century-Fox throughout the 1940s and early-'50s. As aforementioned, the profits generated from her films were ushered into more prestigious dramas and period pieces. Grable apparently enjoyed her cheery on-screen persona, and often rebuffed attempts by Fox chief Darryl F. Zanuck to broaden her audience appeal by casting her in more serious films. After making the film noir I WAKE UP SCREAMING and the WWII drama A YANK IN THE R.A.F. (both 1941), both which enjoyed critical and financial success, Grable steered away from making dramas in favor of starring in cheery musical comedies.

After 1942, Grable's films were exclusively photographed in Technicolor, which became a trademark for Fox in the 1940s to film romantic musical comedies in vivid color. She was the #1 box office draw in America in 1943, a year when she made such smashes as CONEY ISLAND and SWEET ROSIE O'GRADY.

Fox had brought Grable from Broadway to Hollywood in 1939 after Alice Faye suddenly became ill with appendicitis. Faye had been the studio's biggest musical film star for the last five years, but Zanuck felt that Grable would be a suitable alternative to Faye were Faye to refuse scripts or simply be unavailable for films that had been slated for her. Fox cast Grable in DOWN ARGENTINE WAY in 1940, a South American musical comedy that co-starred Don Ameche and Carmen Miranda. The female lead had been intended for Faye, but she was ill and unable to fulfill the assignment. When the film proved successful, Fox refocused their attention to Grable, who eventually became more successful than Faye at the box office. Grable and Faye co-starred together in TIN PAN ALLEY (1940), were they played sisters, and as reported, the two ladies enjoyed a healthy behind-the-scenes relationship despite rumors of a feud stirring concerning Grable's "taking over" from Faye as Fox's primary musical film asset.

(BELOW: Faye and Grable photographed in a still from the "Harem number" from TIN PAN ALLEY.)

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In time, Fox hired young actress June Haver as a cheaper alternative to Grable. Haver was signed by the studio in 1943, and made her film debut in THE GANG'S ALL HERE (1943), starring Alice Faye. Like Grable, Haver got her big break by replacing Faye in IRISH EYES ARE SMILING (1944), a role Faye declined for personal reasons. Over the next nine years, Haver starred in a series of moderately-budgeted and reasonably successful musical romances for Fox, with THE DOLLY SISTERS (1945) co-starring Grable.

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I haven't seen much of Bettty Grable's work -- HOW TO MARRY A MILLIONAIRE; maybe one or two of her early 40s musicals; her appearance on the Lucy-Desi special in the late 50s.

Hers was an interesting (well, not that interesting) persona. She was wholesome, but a bit too glamorous and sexy to be the girl-next-door type like, say, Donna Reed. Yet she wasn't glamorous and sexy as a Rita Hayworth. She was brash, but not obnoxiously so like Betty Hutton. Betty Grable's persona was unique, without being very dynamic.

Grable herself was pretty self-effacing; she noted in a later interview that she knew she wasn't a great actress or singer or dancer or even a great beauty. I guess her appeal was being likeable and just pretty enough to not be threatening.

Fox hired young actress June Haver as a cheaper alternative to Grable

Fox really liked having back-up threats to their successful actresses. Of course, it never worked out. June was no more successful at replacing Betty Grable than Sheree or Jayne could later supplant Marilyn.
 

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I haven't seen much of Bettty Grable's work -- HOW TO MARRY A MILLIONAIRE; maybe one or two of her early 40s musicals; her appearance on the Lucy-Desi special in the late 50s.

Hers was an interesting (well, not that interesting) persona. She was wholesome, but a bit too glamorous and sexy to be the girl-next-door type like, say, Donna Reed. Yet she wasn't glamorous and sexy as a Rita Hayworth. She was brash, but not obnoxiously so like Betty Hutton. Betty Grable's persona was unique, without being very dynamic.

Grable herself was pretty self-effacing; she noted in a later interview that she knew she wasn't a great actress or singer or dancer or even a great beauty. I guess her appeal was being likeable and just pretty enough not to be threatening.
Betty Grable's persona was definitely unique. You couldn't easily categorize her as "sexy" or "wholesome" because she was distinctly both. And yet she wasn't entirely either of them. As something of a precursor to Monroe, Grable occupied that blurring middle line between sexiness and girl-next-door vulnerability. Marilyn just intensified that when she took over from Betty at Fox in the early-'50s and immortalized it.

Betty's persona slid effortlessly from the early-to-late-'40s without any major changes. In the early-'40s, she was escapism for the oncoming World War; in the mid-'40s, she was the morale-booster for our servicemen overseas, giving them the sense of "what they're fighting for"; and in the late-'40s, she represented the optimism that all was going to end well post-war. And she did that all by making her formulaic musical romances where she was often clad in designer clothes or in outfits orchestrated specifically to showcase her world-famous legs.​
Fox really liked having back-up threats to their successful actresses. Of course, it never worked out. June was no more successful at replacing Betty Grable than Sheree or Jayne could later supplant Marilyn.
Well, June Haver wasn't necessarily brought in by Fox to keep Grable "in line" the way Sheree North and Jayne Mansfield were used by the studio to threaten Marilyn. For the most part, Grable enjoyed her time at Fox, and she gave the studio next-to-no issues whatsoever in making her films. She wrestled her way back from child birth very early to make DIAMOND HORSESHOE (1945), and was practically forced to take a vacation in 1946 because Zanuck didn't want to wear out his good luck penny.

Fox knew that Alice Faye was loosing interest in making movies, especially musicals, by the mid-'40s, and they needed someone to pick up the slack and take some of the pressure off Grable. That's where June Haver came in as a cheaper, younger alternative to make modestly-budgeted musicals. She wasn't necessarily a "threat" to Grable, but yet a companion piece, a colleague. Another actress making similar films, but yet with slightly lower production values to keep the profits high. Haver took over two roles originally meant for Faye in IRISH EYES ARE SMILING (1944) and THE DOLLY SISTERS (1945), while Faye herself was recouping from child birth hoping to be well in time to play Aunt Sissy in A TREE GROWS IN BROOKLYN, a role that instead went to Joan Blondell.

So, no, Haver wasn't used in the way Fox tried to use Sheree and Jayne a decade later. Marilyn gave the studio many issues, and Zanuck and his buddies hoped Sheree and Jayne would duplicate her success without the headaches. Instead, they found that Marilyn's success couldn't be easily replicated and that their stand-ins had their own problems: Sheree lacked any strong on-screen personality, and Jayne sabotaged her own career by her desperate need for publicity and the fact that half her contract obligations couldn't be fulfilled because of her multiple pregnancies.​
 

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I'm pretty interested in this Archives set that's online in a few different places. Sure, the quality of the films might not be too stellar, but they'll certainly be good enough for me. And these are three of Grable's musicals that aren't necessarily in strong circulation.​

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